Adding more suffixes to your vocabulary will greatly help your vocabulary skills.
-城(じょう) = Castle
1. 姫路城は兵庫県にあります。
Himeji Castle is in Hyogo Prefecture.
-状(じょう) = State; condition
2. 液状
Liquid state
-上(じょう) = "from...point of view". At times it may also mean "on" as in on something.
3a. iPad上でFlash Playerが作動できません。
3b. iPadではFlash Playerが作動できません。
Flash Player doesn't work on the iPad.
4. 立場上言えない。
I cannot say in relation to the situation.
5. 歴史上
From a historical point
6.隕石が落ちたせいで地球上の色んな動物が絶滅した。
Many animals have gone extinct on the Earth due to meteorites.
7. 健康上の理由で、彼が退職するという旨の連絡をしました。
On reasons in terms of health, he gave a message to the effect that he'll resign.
8. 法律上
In the eyes of the law
9. 実際(上)
In practice
10a. 構文上
10b. 文の構成上
As a matter of sentence structure
-性(せい) = -Ness
11. 安全性
Safeness
-製(せい) = Made in
12. 日本製の車は安全ですよ。
Japanese made cars are safe.
-制(せい) = System (of order)
13. 私は交替制で働いています。
I'm working in a shift.
-世(せい) = Era; epoch
14. エリサベス2世はアイルランドをご訪問なさいました。
Elizabeth II visited Ireland.
15. 洪積世にある大陸の形は現在とほぼ同じである。
The shape of the continents were about the same in the Diluvial Epoch.
-星(せい) = Star
16. 南十字星
The 4 brightest stars of the Southern Cross.
-前(ぜん) = Before. Stiff and literary.
紀元前 | B.C. | 使用前に | Before usage |
-然(ぜん) = -like. It is very uncommon.
17. 学生然
Student-like
-千万(せんばん) = Exceeding
無礼千万 | Extremely rude | 笑止千万 | Quite absurd |
-層(そう) = Layer; stratum
18. 溶岩層を見たことがありますか。
Have you seen a lava bed?
-著(ちょ) = Written by
19. この本は宮部みゆき著です。
This book is written by Miyabe Miyuki.
-庁(ちょう) = Office; agency
官公庁 | Public offices | 金融庁 | Financial Service Agency |
-調(ちょう) = Meter; style
20. 七五調
Seven-five meter
-艇(てい) = Boat
21. 魚雷艇
Torpedo boat
-的 = -ic. Makes things 形容動詞. Whether to use it or not is a hard question. For instance, 基本の and 基本的な are both possible, but the latter is more abstract. Whether something should be stated more concretely and abstractly is going to differ in context and among speakers. What makes this more confusing is that the absence of な with 的 is not always certain, but it usually happens in jargon and or long formal phrases. It is also important to note that 的の is old-fashioned, and if you read anything earlier than World War II, you will encounter it.
22. 水深は比較的に浅い。
The water level is relatively shallow.
23. 私的に
Personally
Speech Note: The above phrase is not proper, but it is becoming increasingly more common.
24. 経済的な自動車
An economical vehicle
25. 「行くわ」というと、女性的に聞こえる。
If you say "iku wa", it sounds feminine.
-都(と) = Capital prefecture
26. 東京都
Tokyo Prefecture
-党(とう) = Political party
27. 民主党の調査
A Japanese Democratic Party investigation
-島(とう) = Island
28. 硫黄島(いおうとう)
Iwo Jima
-塔(とう) = Tower
29. テレビ塔
Television tower
-堂(どう) = In the names of important buildings such as temples, shrines, the legislature, etc.
30. 国会議事堂は立法府の建物だ。
The Diet Building is the building of the legislature.
-道(どう) = In Hokkaido Prefecture
31. 北海道
Hokkaido Prefecture
-派(は) = Faction
32. 正統派
Orthodox faction
-版(ばん) = Edition
33. パリ版
Paris edition
-犯(はん) = Crime
34. 殺人犯
Homicide
-判(はん) = Product size
35. 大判(おおはん)
Large size
-班(はん) = Group; crew
36. カメラ班
Camera crew
-藩(はん) = Clan
37. 竜野藩
Tatsuno Clan
-費(ひ) = Bill/expenses
医療費 | Medical bill | 材料費 | Material cost | 生活費 | Living costs |
-妃(ひ) = Queen
38. 皇太子妃
Crowned princess
-票(ひょう) = Vote
39. 浮動票じゃないか。
Isn't it a floating vote?
40. 反対票を投ずる。
To give a no vote.
Word Note: 投ずる is normally 投じる.
-表(ひょう) = List; table
予定表 | Schedule | 通知表 | Report card | 周期表 | Periodic table |
視力検査表 | Eye chart | 九九表 | Multiplication table | 時刻表 | Time table |
-病(びょう) = Sickness
高山病 | Altitude sickness | 風土病 | Endemic disease | 放射線病 | Radiation sickness |
心臓病 | Heart disease | 肺病 | Lung disease | 接触伝染病 | Contagious disease |
-府(ふ) = Metropolitan prefecture (Osaka and Kyoto)
41. 大阪府
Osaka Prefecture
-風(ふう) = Style
42. フランス風の料理が大好きですよ。
I love French food.
-風情(ふぜい) = Worthless person
43. 私風情にはもったいないでしょう。
A worthless person like me is unworthy of this, right?
-補(ほ) = Assistant
44. 書記官補
Assistant secretary
-法(ほう) = Law
労働法 | Labor law | 国際法 | International law | 交通法 | Traffic law |
行政法 | Administrative law | 禁酒法 | Prohibition | 連邦法 | Federal law |
-魔(ま) = Freak
45. インターネット魔
Internet freak
-放題(ほうだい) = "a state left to continue as is" or "...as much as you want".
46. 2000円で食べ放題です。
Eat as much as you want for 2,000 yen.
47. 荒れ放題の庭だね。
That's an overgrown garden with weeds, isn't it?
-余(よ) = Over
48. 日本に二ヶ月余、滞在するつもりです。
I plan to stay in Japan for over 2 months.
-楼(ろう) = Tower
49. 摩天楼
Skyscraper
-領(りょう) = Territory
50. アメリカ領
American territory
-料(りょう) = Fee
原稿料 | Contribution fee | サービス料 | Service fee | 通行料 | Toll |
診察料 | Doctor fee | 保険料 | Insurance premium | 授業料 | Tuition fee |
-量(りょう) = Amount
51. 読書量が多い。
To read a lot.
52. 降雨量
Rainfall
-力(りょく) = Power
53. 原子力委員会
The Atomic Energy Commission
Word Note: -会 is another suffix meaning "meeting; group; commission".
-類(るい) = Kind
菌類 | Fungus | 地衣類 | Lichens |