Not all of Sino-Japanese suffixes will be mentioned in this lesson. Although this may look like it's a ton of information, you have actually seen the majority of these endings already.
-員(いん) is an employee of some sort.
1. 参議院議員
Member of the House of Councilors
2. 審判員
Umpire
-下(か) = "under the(...of)"
3. 独裁者が首都を戒厳令下に置いた。
The dictator put the capital under martial law.
4. 香港は中国の支配下にある。
Hong Kong is under the control of China.
5. そちらは私の権限外でございますす。
That is outside my authority.
6. 普通外
Out of the ordinary
-街(がい) = Street
7. ロサンゼルスの日本人街
Japanese street in Los Angeles
-加減(かげん) = Tendency
8. 湯加減はどう?
How's the bath water?
9. 酒のいい飲み加減
Sake at the best temperature
-格好(かっこう) = Around...years old
10. 30格好の指導者
A leader around 30 years old
-間(かん) = Between. It is used with location words like cities and nations.
11. 東京・大阪間の本線はどちらでしょうか。
Where is the main line between Tokyo and Osaka?
12. 国際間の緊張を緩和することは不可能だ。
Lessening of international tensions is impossible.
13. 林間学校
Open-air school
-感(かん) = Sense
14. 劣等感との和解は簡単にはかなわない。
A compromise with inferiority is simply unbearable.
15. あの男は清潔感がある。
That man has a sense of cleanliness.
-巻(かん) = Volume (of a book)
16. ブリタニカの第10巻
The 10th volume of the Britannica
-観(かん) = Point of view
17. 日本人観
The Japanese point of view
-癌(がん) Cancer
18. 乳癌
Breast cancer
-儀 = In regards to/as for (with pronouns, people's names, or nouns associated with them).
19. 私儀(わたくしぎ)
As for me
Word Note: This is a very humble expression that refers to oneself used in the written language.
-気(ぎ) = -like nature
20. 商売気)のない実業家は存在するのでしょう。
I wonder a non-profit motivated businessman exists?
-級(きゅう) = Level; grade; degree; class
21. 第一級の博士
A first class professor
-強(きょう) = A little more than
22. 昨日の余震は震度五強だった。
Yesterday's aftershocks were a little more than 5 (degrees magnitude).
-狂(きょう) = Fan(atic)
23. 大の相撲狂じゃない。
I am no big sumo fanatic.
-県(けん) = Prefecture (Excluding Hokkaido, Kyoto, Osaka, and Tokyo)
24. 兵庫県は日本の43県の一つである。
Hyogo Prefecture is one of Japan's 43 ken-prefectures.
-圏(けん) = Bloc (sphere)
25. 木星の大気圏の外観を見ると大赤班が確認できる。
If you look at the surface of the atmosphere of Jupiter, you can confirm a Great Red Spot.
26. 関東一円が暴風圏に入る見込みです。
It is projected that all of the Kanto district will enter the storm zone.
Word Note: This 一円 means "the whole area", not "one yen".
-券(けん) = Ticket
搭乗券 | Boarding pass | 入場券 | Admission ticket | 航空券 | Plane ticket |
乗車券 | Railroad ticket | 会員券 | Membership card | 割引券 | Coupon |
-権(けん) = Right
27. 選挙権
The right to vote
-腱(けん) = Tendon
28. アキレス腱は足にある。
The Achilles' tendon is in the leg.
34. 殿御は女性から男性に対して敬っていう語である。
Gentleman is a phrase said to respect males from women.
Word Note: 殿御 is old-fashioned.
35. 「親御」とは他人の父母の敬称でございます。
"Oyago" is a respectful title of someone's father and mother.
-湖(こ) = Lake
36. 琵琶湖は日本で最大の面積と貯水量を誇り様々な種類が生息している。
Lake Biwa boasts the largest area and water capacity in Japan and various species inhabit it.
-公(こう) = Title that either shows respect, affection, or scorn.
菅公 | Great Mr. Kan | 熊公 | Mr. Bear | 先公 | Teacher (derogatory) | ポリ公 | Cop (derogatory) |
ワン公 | Mr. Doggy | エテ公 | Mr. Monkey |
-工(こう) = Person of a particular trade
37. 父は配管工をしています。-号(ごう)= Number/edition
38. 台風2号は那覇を襲ったということです。
Typhoon No. 2 hit Naha.
39. コロコロの6月号は来週に発行されるはずです。
The June issue of CoroCoro is supposed to be issued next week.
-座(ざ) = Constellation; name of theater
40. 歌舞伎座は2013年に再び開かれる予定です。
The Kabukiza Theater will be reopened in 2013.
41. こぐま座は小北斗七星とも呼ばれる。
Ursa Minor is also called the Little Dipper.
-山(さん・ざん) = Mount; mountain
42. 富士山は活火山(かっかざん)である。
Mount Fuji is an active volcano.
-酸(さん) = Acid
43. 蟻酸を扱う際に注意しなければいけないのだ。
You must be careful when you are dealing with formic acid.
-三昧(ざんまい) ="luxury" and is used in idiomatic expressions. It is usually used in positive contexts.
44. 贅沢三昧
Living in luxury
45. 読書三昧でした。
It was a reader's paradise.
46a. 刃物三昧に及ぶ。(不自然)
46b. 刃物沙汰に及ぶ。(自然)
To amount to a knife fight.
Phrase Note: The first option is rather strange. This is likely due to a mistranslation from a Western text into Japanese. However, this phrase may be seen used creatively in contexts where there is a luxury to be had with an array of 刃物.
-市(し) = City
47. 釜石市が津波で破壊されてしまった。
Kamaishi City was destroyed by a tsunami.
-誌(し) = Magazine
48. 週刊誌
Weekly magazine
-死(し) = Death
49. 自然死
Natural death
-師(し) = Skilled worker; Reverend
50. 美容師に髪を結ってもらう。
She has her hairdresser do her hair.
-視(し) = View
51. 採算を度外視する。
To neglect profit.
-弱(じゃく) = A little less than. The opposite of 強.
52. 地震は六弱の強さでした。
The earthquake was a strength of a little less than magnitude 6 (on the Shindo scale).
-衆(しゅう) = The masses
53. 旦那衆
Gents
-相(しょう) = Minister
54. 外(務)相
Foreign minister
-賞(しょう) = Prize
55. ノーベル賞を与える。
To give the Nobel Prize.
-省(しょう) = Ministry
56. 厚生労働省は日本の行政機関であります。
The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare is a governmental body of Japan.
-症(しょう) = Disease
57. 感染症
Infectious disease
-商(しょう) = Dealer
58. 美術商
Art dealer
-州(しゅう) = State; province
59. アラスカ(州)は寒すぎるじゃん?
Isn't Alaska too cold?
-宗(しゅう) = Sect
60. 天台宗は大乗仏教の宗派の一つで、法華経に基づいた。
The Tendai sect is a faction of Mahayana Buddhism and is based off of the Lotus Sutra.