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This lesson will introduce you to more patterns that utilize ～ない or derivations of it. 

      AないことにはB means "if...don't/in not...; unless". So, if you don't do A, you get stuck with B. B could be positive or negative depending on the outcome that you wish to express. It can be used with verbs, adjectives, or the copula, but don't forget how to properly use ない! This pattern must be only used in declarative sentences. 

1. 泳がないことには、海岸に行けなくなった。
    In not swimming, I became unable to go to the beach.

2. 急がないことには、間に合わなくなる。 
    In not hurrying, you won't make it in time. 

3. 勝たないことには、試合(しあい)に負ける。
    If you don't win, you lose in the tournament.

4. がんばらないことには、今度の韓国語の試験に合格できないよ。
    Unless you try hard, you won't pass this next Korean exam. 

Grammar Note: Do not confuse this with ...ないことには where は is simply emphatic. The phrase discussed in this section is conjunctive in nature whereas this isn't.

5. 自分に関わりのないことには口を出すなよ。
    Don't interfere in things that don't concern you! 

     無(な)し means  "without"  and is after nominal phrases. If なし for some reason is placed before a noun, it becomes 無き. There is more behind this form of ない. The problem lies with how to use ～なしに（は）, ～なしで（は）, and ～なくして（は）. These phrases show that if something were not to happen, a certain event won't be. These phrases show necessity, and there is a negative phrase in the next clause. 

6. コーヒーなしに過ごせない。
    I can't go on without coffee.

7. 涙なしに語ることができない。(書き言葉的)　
    I can't tell it without tears coming.

8. 国民の理解と協力なしには実行できない。(書き言葉)
    We can't act forth without the understanding and cooperation of the citizens.

9. 政府開発援助なしではこの革新的な医学研究は続けることができない。
    Without government development aid, this groundbreaking medical research can't continue.

10. しっかりと準備することなくしては成功できぬ。 (硬い書き言葉)
      Without properly preparing, you can't succeed. 

11. 先生方のご指導なくして私の大学合格は有り得ませんでした。(とても丁寧; Useful expression)
Without the guidance of my teachers, my college success wouldn't have been possible. 

12. 政治家せいじかはテレプロンプター（原稿）なしで話せない。
      Politicians can't talk without a teleprompter.

13.百害ひゃくがいあって一利いちりなし。(Set phrase/proverb)
      To do no good but a lot of harm. 

14. 「憲法を改正することなくして、軍事大国になれない」と考える人が増えているそうだ。
It sounds that the number of people who think that without revising the constitution, [Japan] won't be able to become a military power is growing. 

Grammar Note: Also seen as ～ずして（は）, ～なくして（は） is a more old-fashioned/archaic equivalent of ～なしに（は）, but it can be used in plus and or negative situations. 

 ～なしで(は) VS ～なしに(は) 

Although both present a premise X, which makes Y possible, they are slightly different.

1. ～なしで（は） is used with a noun that shows a general condition, and the listener is told that there must be X. Thus, the speaker can use this when pointing out a ban or the need for evasion.

2. ～なしに（は） can't be used directly towards the listener to get that person working. When these expressions are interchangeable, the former shows an individual cause whereas the latter shows a more obvious situation that is deemed to be evident and necessary. Thus, it is more suited for the written language. 

15. スペイン語？無理いうなや。辞書なし｛で・に｝は、分からんわ。（ちょっと関西弁っぽい）
      Spanish? Don't be unreasonable. I can't understand it without a dictionary.

16. 客商売だから、ネクタイなし｛〇 で・X に｝は、困るんだけども。(話し言葉)
      Since it's business (client-oriented), it'd be troubling without a tie.

17. 届け出なし｛〇 に・△ で｝外泊するのは、キャンプの規則に違反することになります。
      Sleeping outdoors is now a violation of camp rules without notification.

18. ノックなしに（は）、ドアを開けないでください。
      Don't open the door without knocking.

Grammar Note: は in the last situation would make it fit well, but the message was probably written on the door rather than spoken. Had the sentence been spoken, with ノックしないで being more common, ～なしに would exemplary demonstrate consideration to the listener. 

 ～ないことには～ない VS ～ことなしに（は）～ない VS ～ことなく

  XないことにはYない shows that for the realization of Y, X is necessary. X can be a positive or negative situation. However, ～ことなしに（は）～ない and ～ことなく can only be used with verbs whereas the former pattern is also seen with nouns and adjectives. Furthermore, these latter expressions show that "for Y to realize, X is unavoidable". So, it's not positive. 

19a. 努力どりょく｛することなしには・しないことには｝、成功はできない。
19b. 成功するためには、努力を避さけていることはできない。
        You cannot succeed unless you put in effort.

20. 「憲法を変え｛・ることなしには・ないことには｝、軍事大国になれないと考える人が増えている」といわれますが、本当かどうかよく分かりませんね。
It's said that the number of people that think that without changing the constitution, [Japan] won't be able to come a military power is growing, but I don't really know if that's true. 

21. 優しい人でないことには、お金があっても、結婚できませんよ。
      You can't get married even if you have money if you're not a nice person.  

Other things to keep in mind is that both ～ことなしに（は）～ない and ～ことなく are more 書き言葉的; however, the former is even more 硬(かた)い because it has the old なし in it. You do still see ～こと（も）なく in the spoken language, though, in which it has interchangeability with 連用形＋もしないで. 

22a. 多少のリスクを負わないことには、ビジネスなんかできないよ。とうてい避けられないもんだから。〇 
22b. 多少のリスクを負う｛ことなく・ことなしに｝、ビジネスなんかできないよ。とうてい避けられないもんだから。X 
Without taking some risk, you can't do business. That's because you can't avoid it no matter what.

24. しょうことなく、メザキさんと並んで、いくら行っても太くもならないし細くもならない道を、長く歩いた。
With it not being helped, I went along with Mr. Mezaki, and we walked a long ways down the road, which no matter how much you go neither widens nor thins.
From 溺レる by 川上弘美. 

Phrase Note: しょうことなく　＝　しょうことなしに　＝　やむを得ず.  

      甲斐かい means "avail" and 甲斐かいもなく, thus, means "to no avail/in vain". Just as in English, it is not really casual. 

25. 私たちは練習(れんしゅう)した甲斐(かい)もなく負けてしまった。
      We lost despite practicing.

26. わざわざフランスから出かけてきた甲斐がありました。
      It was worth our while to have come all the way from France.

27. 勉強した甲斐もなく落ちてしまいました。
      I ended up failing to no avail of studying.

28. 働はたらき甲斐がい
        Just the value of working

29. 年甲斐としがいもなく
      Unbecoming to one's age