Japanese food, 日本料理・和食・日本食, is one of the most interesting things about Japan. At the end of this lesson, you will be able to go to a Japanese restaurant (日本料理屋) and talk about what's in your food, how to ask for your food, etc.
お品書き (Menu)
お好み焼き Okonomiyaki 700¥ 天丼 Tendon 780¥ 寿司 Sushi 1400¥ すき焼き Sukiyaki 1200¥
刺し身 Sashimi 1350¥ 狐そば Kitsune soba 700¥ 狐うどん Kitsune udon 700¥ サラダ Salad 400¥
お握りずし Onigirizushi 1000¥ ざるそば Zaru soba 550¥ しゃぶしゃぶ Shabushabu 1250¥
お飲み物
ビール Beer 310¥ お茶 Tea 300¥ 水 Water 100¥ コーク Coke 250¥
Qoo 300¥ 焼酎 Shochu 300¥ ミルク Milk 250¥
デザート
アイスクリーム Ice cream 240¥ チョコレートセーキ Chocolate shake 250¥
アップルパイ Apple pie 300¥ チーズケーキ Cheese cake 350¥
Cultural Differences: In the average Japanese restaurant, when food is done, it is sent out immediately regardless of whether or not the other people's food in one's party is ready. Refills are rare. Coffee might be refilled, but you may get charged double. When sitting down you are given a wet towel called a おしぼり to wipe your hands, a menu, and some tea and water.
Useful Expressions
1. メニューを見せてください。
Please show me a menu.
2. お腹が空きましたか。
Are you hungry?
Bad | まずい | Sour | すっぱい | Sweet | 甘い | Bitter | 苦い |
Weak; thin | 薄い | Strong; thick | 濃い | Hot | 熱い | Cold | 冷たい |
3. Xがおいしそうですね。
X looks good.
4. 安いレストランです。
It's a cheap restaurant.
5. じゃあ、それにしましょう。
Well, let's go with that.
6. のどが渇きました。
I'm thirsty.
7. 寿司二人前お願いします。
Sushi for two please.
8. (お)酒がお好きですか。
Do you like sake?
9. お飲み物は?
Drinks?
10. 蛋白質 = Protein 炭水化物 = Carbohydrates 脂肪 = Fat
11. 相席お願いします。
Please let another party sit with you.
Culture Note: You may be asked this in Japan in inexpensive restaurants when it's really crowded and there's really nothing that you can do about it.
12.少々お待ちください。
Please wait one moment.
13. いらっしゃいませ。何名ですか。こちらへどうぞ。
Welcome. How many will there be? Please follow me.
14. ビールをもう一本ください。
Give me one more beer please.
Note: Beer in this case is most likely 缶ビール.
15. てんぷらを一人前お願いします。
Tempura for one please.
16. 火にかける。
To put on the stove.
17. 胡椒を加えて味をつける。
To put in flavor by adding pepper.
18. お勘定は○○になります。
Your bill comes out to XX.
19. お待たせしました。(Waiter)
I'm sorry for having made you wait.
20. 「ここでお召し上がりですか、それともお持ち帰りですか」「ここで食べます。」
“Is this to eat here or to-go?” “For here”.
21. すし屋へ行きましょうか。
How about going to the sushi shop?
22. たいてい何を飲みますか。
What do you generally have to drink?
23. ご注文はお決まりですか。
Have you decided on what you will order?
24. 私に払わせてください。
Allow me to pay.
25. はい、全部でX円になります。
Yes, this comes out to in total to X yen.
26. 何に{しましょう・なさいま}か。
What shall I get you?
27. お勘定をお願いします。
Please bring us the bill.
28. 「お茶をもう一杯いかがでしょうか?」「ええ、いただきます」
“Can I get you another glass of tea?” “Yes, thank you”.
29. コーヒーのお代わりはいかがですか。
Would you like a refill of coffee?
Culture Note: When you are given something to eat or drink, say "いただきます". When leaving, you say "ご馳走(さま(でした))". The hostess may respond with "お粗末さまでした.
30. お水をください。
Water, please.
Female Speech Note: お is more frequently used by women in common items such as these. Similar words include お肉 "meat" and お冷"cold water".
31. どこかおいしいレストランを教えてください。
Could you tell me of delicious restaurants anywhere?
32. ずいぶん色々なものがあるんですね。
There are a lot of items. (In reference to the menu)
More Key Words
ナイフ | Knife | フォーク | Fork | スプーン | Spoon | はし | Chopsticks |
(お)皿 | Plate | ナプキン | Napkin | ウェイター | Waiter | ウェイトレス | Waitress |
Rice is the most important food in Japan. ご飯, cooked rice, is even synonymous to "meal". 米 is uncooked rice. Many things are made from rice.
酒: The Japanese Drink
酒, also known as 日本酒, is a rice-based alcoholic beverage. It's served at room temperature or heated. It can be served in お猪口,small cylindrical cups, 杯 which are flat saucer-like cups, or 枡 which are wooden box-like cups. One shouldn't fill one's own cup: it should be done for you. To ask:
33. (お)酒をもう一杯ください。
One more cup please.
Be sure to hold your cup to the 徳利--the flask--as a gesture of acceptance. 乾杯 (Cheers)!
More Rice
丼: 丼 is a bowl of hot steamed rice with toppings.
煎餅: Rice crackers in all shapes and flavors.
チャーハン・炒飯: Chinese fried rice.
お握り: Balls of rice with filling.
餅: Rice cake.
すし: すし is vinegar rice topped/mixed with seafood & vegetables. There are many kinds.
Noodles 麺類
うどん (Japanese): うどん is a wheat-flour noodle. There are several kinds of dishes.
そば (Japanese): そば is buckwheat. It is either served chilled with a dipping sauce or in a hot broth.
素麺 (Japanese): そうめん are white thin wheat flour noodles dipped in めん汁 and served cold. The noodles are often placed in a flume in cold water and the diners have to catch them.
ラーメン (Chinese): ラーメン is made of Chinese-style wheat noodles and is served with a meat and often flavored with soy sauce or 味噌 (soybean paste).
Deep-fry | 揚げ物(あげもの) | Pot cooking | 鍋物(なべもの) | Stews | 煮物(にもの) |
Grilled | 焼き物(やきもの) | Soups | 吸い物(すいもの) | Pickled | 漬物(つけもの) |
Stir-fried | 炒め物(いためもの) | Sashimi | 刺し身 | Soup (from juice) | 汁物(しるもの) |
Word Note: 漬物 also refers to salted foods.
河豚 (Sashimi): The フグ, puffer fish, is poisonous yet delicious. It is prepared with extreme caution to remove the toxic areas. The Emperor is forbidden to eat it. The liver is apparently the most delicious part, but it's also the part most likely to kill you. フグ is a delicacy (珍味).
ギョーザ (Yakimono): Chinese ravioli-dumplings usually filled with pork and vegetables.
味噌汁 (Shirumono): みそ soup is made out of 出汁, stock, and みそ paste.
鰻 (Yakimono): ウナギ is freshwater eel. Saltwater eels are called 穴子.
しゃぶしゃぶ (Nabemono): しゃぶしゃぶ is made with thinly sliced beef. It is usually served with 豆腐, 白菜(Chinese cabbage), 春菊 (edible chrysanthemum leaves), 海苔 seaweed, onions, 人参 carrots, 椎茸 and えのき茸 mushrooms, etc.
豚カツ (Agemono): Breaded, deep fried pork cutlet.
焼き鳥 (Yakimono): Skewered chicken, it can refer to skewered food in general.
照り焼き (Yakimono): 照り焼き is grilled, broiled, or fried meat glazed in sweet soy sauce.
てんぷら (Agemono): Deep-fried prawns and vegetables.
寄せ鍋 (Nabemono): Seafood hot pot.
雑煮 (Shirumono): A soup with 餅 common in New Year's.
豚汁 (Shirumono): Like みそ soup with pork.
梅干 (Tsukemono): 梅干 is pickled 梅, which are like plums.
唐揚げ (Agemono): 唐揚げ is bite-size chicken, fish, etc. deep fried.
お好み焼き (Yakimono): Consists of a flour batter, トロロ, 水/出汁, 卵 egg, and shredded キャベツ(cabbage), etc. It is often flavored with mayo.
すきやき (Nabemono): Thinly sliced ビーフ (beef) and vegetables cooked in 醤油 soy sauce, 出汁 sugar, and sake. It's dipped into bowls of raw egg.
芋煮 (Suimono): A thick potato soup.
薄作り (Sashimi): Finely sliced raw fish. Plate is decorated with shredded 大根 Japanese radish, lemon slice, ginger, and a 大根-chili mixture with scallions in the center.
弁当 (Miscellaneous): Assorted lunches.
Delicacies
アンキモ | Anglerfish liver | カラスミ | Salted mullet roe |
このわた | Salted sea cucumber entrails | ウニ | Salt/pickled sea urchins |
お茶 | (Green) tea | 酒 | Alcohol | ワイン | Wine |
ビール | Beer | ウォッカ | Vodka | コーク | Coke |
抹茶 | Powdered green tea | 麦茶 | Barley tea | 紅茶 | Black tea |
焼酎 | Shochu | 桜湯 | Cherry blossom tea | 水 | Water |
コーヒー | Coffee | ミルク | Milk | ジュース | Juice |
アイスティー | Ice tea | コーラ | Cola | スプライト | Sprite |
Other Unique Drinks
クー | Qoo, a non-carbonated beverage with grape and orange flavors. |
ヤクルト | Yakult is a pro-biotic milk-like drink. |
カルピス | Calpis is a non-carbonated beverage with a milky taste. |
C.C Lemon | A soft drink known for its lemon flavor. |
ポカリスエット | A soft/sports drink that has a mild grapefruit flavor. |
ラムネ | A soft drink with many flavors. |
Word Note: For liquor, "straight" is "ストレートで" and "on-ice" is "水割りで".
カキフライ | Breaded oyster | カキエビ | Breaded shrimp |
ステーキ | Steak | ポークチョップ | Pork chop |
オクラ | Okra | アボカド | Avocado |
パイナップル | Pineapple | パパイヤ | Papaya |
ネクタリン | Nectarine | カボチャ | Pumpkin |
ハンバーガー | Hamburger | ビフテキ | Beef steak |
ブドウ | Grape | ブラックベリー | Blackberry |
マンゴー | Mango | キーウィ | Kiwi |
プラム | Plum | ココナッツ | Coconut |
オレンジ | Orange | リンゴ | Apple |
ラスベリー | Raspberry | ブルーベリー | Blueberry |
ロースト | Roast | シチメンチョウ | Turkey |
フライドポテト | French fries | ピザ | Pizza |
タコス | Taco | ベーコン | Bacon |
スクワッシュ | Squash | ハム | Ham |
ホットドッグ | Hot dog | サンドウィッチ | Sandwich |
サラダ | Salad | スープ | Soup |
オムレツ | Omelet | ソーセージ | Sausage |
トマト | Tomato | ピーマン | Bell pepper |
デザート (desserts) and おやつ (snacks) are very important, and there is a large variety that you can choose from in Japan.
和菓子 (Japanese-style sweets)
団子 | Rice dumplings | カキ氷 | Shaved ice with syrup topping |
こんぺいと | Crystal sugar candy | まんじゅう | Sticky rice surrounding a sweet bean center |
洋菓子 (Western-style sweets)
カステラ | Iberian-style sponge cakes | アイスクリーム | Ice cream |
ケーキ | Cake | クッキー | Cookie |
Common Snacks
ハイチュー | Edible chewing candy similar to gum. | ポッキー | Biscuit stick snack |
うまい棒 | Puff corn snacks similar to Cheetos | コアラのマーチ | Bite-sized cookie snacks |
辛子 | Spicy mustard | 酢みそ | Vinegar miso sauce |
ケチャップ | Ketchup | 二杯酢 | Soy vinegar sauce |
米酢 | Rice vinegar | ふりかけ | Dry condiment sprinkled on rice |
しょう油 | Soy sauce | ポン酢 | Citrus-based sauce |
マヨネーズ | Mayonnaise | みりん | Low alcohol rice wine |
めんま | From dried bamboo | ラー油 | Chili-infused vegetable oil |
わさび | Wasabi | こしょう | Pepper |
塩 | Salt | 砂糖 | Sugar |
香辛料 | Spices | ショウガ | Ginger |
カレー粉 | Curry powder | マスタード | Mustard |
ソース | Worcestershire sauce | 油 | Oil/fat |
ミカン | Mandarin orange | アユ | Ayu fish |
ナマズ | Catfish | ヒジキ | Dark edible seaweed |
かずのこ | Herring roe | ニラ | Chinese chives |
ナス | Eggplant | サケ | Salmon |
イカ | Squid | ハマグリ | Clam |
豚肉 | Pork | サツマイモ | Sweet potato |
梨 | Nashi pear | 昆布 | Kombu |
キュウリ | Cucumber | 豆 | Beans |
モモ | Peach | イチゴ | Strawberry |
バナナ | Banana | かも肉 | Duck |
インゲン | String bean | マッシュルーム | Mushroom |
ヤマイモ | Yam | 唐辛子 | Chili pepper |
レモン | Lemon | スイカ | Watermelon |
レタス | Lettuce | ザクロ | Pomegranate |
トウモロコシ | Corn | カブ | Turnip |
タコ | Octopus | クリ | Chestnut |
ホタテガイ | Scallop | カツオ | Bonito |
ホウレンソウ | Spinach | 酢 | Vinegar |
パン粉 | Dried bread crumbs | マグロ | Tuna |
イクラ | Salmon roe | 魚肉 | Fish |
鶏肉 | Chicken | ヒラメ | Flounder |
イワシ | Sardine | エビ | Shrimp |
アズキ | Azuki red beans | ショウガ | Ginger |
皿 | Plate | 鍋 | Pot | ざる | Colander |
フライパン | Fry pan | 布巾 | Kitchen towel | ふた | Lid |
薬缶 | Kettle | (お)箸 | Chopsticks | 包丁 | Kitchen knife |
ナイフ | Knife | フォーク | Fork | スプーン | Spoon |
炊飯器 | Rice cooker | レンジ | Microwave | ガス台 | Gas stove |
まな板 | Cutting board | 杓文字 | Rice paddle | 缶切 | Can opener |
栓抜き | Bottle opener | 流し(台) | Sink | 換気扇 | Ventilation fan |
おたま | Ladle | ポット | Thermos bottle |